Eğitim Felsefesi ve Sosyolojisi Dergisi
Kısa Adı: JEPS | ISSN (Online): 2757-7600 | DOI: 10.29329/jeps

Araştırma Makalesi    |    Açık Erişim
Eğitim Felsefesi ve Sosyolojisi Dergisi 2025, Clt. 6(2) 96-123

Bridging the Gap: Teachers’ Challenges and Solution Strategies in Immigrant Student Education

Meral Özcan, Sevda Katıtaş

ss. 96 - 123   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/jeps.2025.1400.1

Yayın Tarihi: Aralık 31, 2025  |   Görüntüleme Sayısı: 0/0   |   İndirilme Sayısı: 0/0


Özet

The social integration and academic achievement of immigrant students significantly influence not only their individual futures but also their successful integration into the host society. It becomes essential for teachers and educational institutions to develop effective strategies for immigrant students to ensure the inclusivity and sustainability of the education system. In this context, the aim of this study is to identify the challenges faced by teachers in the education of immigrant students and to develop solution proposals for these challenges. The study employed phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods. The study group consisted of 16 teachers working in public schools located in the Esenyurt district of İstanbul. Participants were selected using criterion sampling and snowball sampling techniques. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using content analysis. The findings revealed that teachers encountered difficulties related to lesson planning and implementation, language barriers, cultural differences, individual learning needs, social adaptation to the classroom and school environment, as well as communication with parents. In the research, teachers proposed solutions aimed at enhancing social cohesion, improving the language skills and academic performance of immigrant students, strengthening cooperation with families, and promoting respect for cultural diversity. Based on the research findings, a set of recommendations has been presented to enhance the educational experiences of foreign students who have migrated and to minimize the challenges encountered by teachers.

Anahtar kelimeler: Migration, Immigrant Student, Immigrant Student Education, Teacher


Bu makaleye nasıl atıf yapılır

APA 7th edition
Ozcan, M., & Katitas, S. (2025). Bridging the Gap: Teachers’ Challenges and Solution Strategies in Immigrant Student Education. Eğitim Felsefesi ve Sosyolojisi Dergisi, 6(2), 96-123. https://doi.org/10.29329/jeps.2025.1400.1

Harvard
Ozcan, M. and Katitas, S. (2025). Bridging the Gap: Teachers’ Challenges and Solution Strategies in Immigrant Student Education. Eğitim Felsefesi ve Sosyolojisi Dergisi, 6(2), pp. 96-123.

Chicago 16th edition
Ozcan, Meral and Sevda Katitas (2025). "Bridging the Gap: Teachers’ Challenges and Solution Strategies in Immigrant Student Education". Eğitim Felsefesi ve Sosyolojisi Dergisi 6 (2):96-123. https://doi.org/10.29329/jeps.2025.1400.1

Kaynakça
  1. Adıgüzel, Y. (2018). Göç sosyolojisi [Sociology of Migration]. Ankara: Nobel Publ. [Google Scholar]
  2. Ak, N. (2020). Yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin okula uyumda karşılaştığı sorunlar [Challenges faced by foreign students in adapting to school] (Unpublished master's thesis). Akdeniz University, Antalya. [Google Scholar]
  3. Altıntaş, S. (2014). Davetsiz misafirler: Türkiye’deki mültecilerin mağduriyet görünümleri [Uninvited guests: Patterns of victimization among refugees in Türkiye]. İdealkent, 5(14), 252-276. [Google Scholar]
  4. Barışık, S. (2020). Göç kavramı, tanımı ve türleri [The concept, definition, and types of migration]. In S. Barışık (Ed.), Küreselleşen dünyada fırsat eşitliği arayışında uluslararası göç ve Türkiye'nin Suriye deneyimi [International migration in the pursuit of equal opportunities in a globalizing world: Turkey’s experience with Syrian refugees] (pp. 1-24). Ankara: Gazi Publishing House. [Google Scholar]
  5. Başak, C. (2011). Mülteciler, sığınmacılar ve yasa dışı göçmenler [Refugees, asylum seekers, and irregular migrants]. Ankara: İçişleri Bakanlığı Publ. [Google Scholar]
  6. Biernacki, P., & Waldorf, D. (1981). Snowball sampling: Problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociological Methods & Research, 10(2), 141-163. https://doi.org/10.1177/004912418101000205 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  7. Boal, F. W. (2005). Urban ethnic segregation and the scenarios spectrum. In D. P. Varady (Ed.), Desegregating the city: Ghettos, enclaves & inequality. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. [Google Scholar]
  8. Büyükikiz, K. K., Dölek, O., & Kızdırıcı, F. (2019). Deyimlerin öğrenilmesi ve kalıcılığında animasyonların etkisi [The effect of animations on the learning and retention of idioms]. Bayburt Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [Journal of Bayburt Faculty of Education], 14(27), 53-70. https://doi.org/10.35675/befdergi.466127 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  9. Christians, C. G. (2005). Ethics and politics in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 139-164). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. [Google Scholar]
  10. Cırık, İ. (2008). Çok kültürlü eğitim ve yansımaları [Multicultural education and its reflections]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [Hacettepe University Journal of Education], 34(34), 27-40. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/87539 [Google Scholar]
  11. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. [Google Scholar]
  12. Cueto, S., Guerrero, G., Sugimaru, C., & Zevallos, A. M. (2010). Sense of belonging and transition to high schools in Peru. International Journal of Educational Development, 30(3), 277-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2009.02.002 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  13. Çakmak, Ö. (2018). Okul yöneticilerinin gözüyle Suriyeli öğrencilerin eğitiminde yaşanan sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri: Kilis örneği [Problems and solution proposals in the education of Syrian students from the perspective of school administrators: The Case of Kilis] (Unpublished master's thesis). Gaziantep University, Gaziantep. [Google Scholar]
  14. Çermik, H. (2006). Sınıfta zaman yönetimi [Time management in the classroom]. In M. Yılman (Ed.), Sınıf yönetimi [Classroom management] (s. 39-44). Ankara: Nobel Publ. [Google Scholar]
  15. Çoştan, U. (2020). Türkiye'de göç yönetimi ve politikaları: Suriyeli mülteciler örneği [Migration Management and Policies in Turkey: The Case of Syrian Refugees] (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Kırıkkale Üniversity, Kırıkkale. [Google Scholar]
  16. Çöplü, F. (2019). Göçmen öğrenciler için okul uyum programı geliştirmeye yönelik bir taslak çalışması [A draft study for developing a school adaptation program for migrant students] (Unpublished master's thesis). Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversity, Kırşehir. [Google Scholar]
  17. Darby, R. (1995). Developing the Euro-manager: Managing in a multicultural environment. European Business Review, 95(1), 13-15. https://doi.org/10.1108/09555349510077884 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  18. Dede, Ş. (1996). Özel eğitim hakkında Salamanca Bildirisi [The Salamanca Statement on special education]. Özel Eğitim Dergisi [Journal of Special Education], 2(2), 91-94. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ozelegitimdergisi/issue/17204/179666 [Google Scholar]
  19. Demir, M. (2020). Milli eğitime bağlı devlet okullarında yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin sorunlarına ilişkin öğretmen görüşleri [Teachers' perspectives on the problems of foreign national students in public schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education] (Unpublished master's thesis). Akdeniz Üniversity, Antalya. [Google Scholar]
  20. Demir, S., & Gürol, M. (2015). The effect of differentiated learning on the retainment scores of deep and surface learners. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 5(2), 187-206. https://doi.org/10.14527/pegegog.2015.010 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  21. Doerr, J. C. (2004). Dealing with cross-cultural conflict in a multicultural organisation: An education management perspective (Unpublished master's thesis). University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa. [Google Scholar]
  22. Dönmez Kara, C. Ö. (2015). Göç bağlamında uluslararası iş birliği ve Türkiye’nin politikaları [International cooperation in the context of migration and Turkey's policies] (Unpublished master's thesis). Çanakkale On Sekiz Mart Üniversity, Çanakkale. [Google Scholar]
  23. Durhat, G. (2021). 6. sınıf Türkçe ders kitabının mülteci öğrencilere uyarlanması [Adapting the 6th grade turkish textbook for refugee students] (Unpublished master's thesis). Yıldız Technical Üniversity, İstanbul. [Google Scholar]
  24. Durhat, G., & Ökten, C. E. (2021). 6. sınıf Türkçe ders kitabındaki okuma metin ve etkinliklerinin geçici koruma altındaki öğrencilere uyarlanması [Adapting the reading texts and activities in the 6th grade turkish textbook for students under temporary protection]. RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi [Rumeli Journal of Language and Literature Studies], (22), 152-183. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.885585 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  25. Eğinli, A. T. (2011). Kültürlerarası yeterliliğin kazanılmasında kültürel farklılık eğitimlerinin önemi [The importance of cultural diversity education in developing intercultural competence]. Öneri Dergisi [Öneri Journal], 9(35), 215-227. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/maruoneri/issue/17898/187793 [Google Scholar]
  26. Ekici, S. & Tuncel, G. (2016). Göç ve insan [Migration and humanity]. Birey ve Toplum Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi [Journal of Individual and Society: Social Sciences], 5(1), 9-22. https://doi.org/10.20493/bt.71783 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  27. Erkan, R. & Erdoğdu, M. Y. (2006). Göç ve çocuk suçluluğu [Migration and juvenile delinquency]. Aile ve Toplum Eğitim-Kültür ve Araştırma Dergisi [Family and Society Journal of Education-Culture and Research], 3(9), 79-90. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/198013 [Google Scholar]
  28. Ewijk, A. (2011). Diversity and diversity policy: Diving into fundamental differences. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 24(5), 564-577. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534811111158921 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  29. Giani, L. (2006). Migration and education: Child migrants in Bangladesh (Sussex Migration Working Paper No. 33). https://www.sussex.ac.uk/webteam/gateway/file.php?name=mwp33.pdf&site=252 [Google Scholar]
  30. Göktuna Yaylacı, F. (2016). Göçler çağında sosyal hizmetler göçe ilişkin temel kavramlar ve kuramsal yaklaşımlar [Social services in the age of migration: Fundamental concepts and theoretical approaches related to migration]. Göçmen sığınmacılarla sosyal hizmet [Social work with migrants and asylum seekers], (pp. 2-23). Eskişehir: Anadolu University Publ. [Google Scholar]
  31. Gün, M., & Yüksel, S. (2021). Dünyada göçmen eğitimi politikaları bağlamında Türkiye’nin göçmen eğitimi sürecinin değerlendirilmesi ve çözüm önerileri [Evaluation of Turkey’s migrant education process and solution proposals in the context of migrant education policies worldwide]. Milli Eğitim Dergisi [Journal of National Education], 50(1), 1031–1053. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.960056 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  32. Güneş, K. (2022). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin eşitlikçi ölçme değerlendirme ile ilgili algılarının incelenmesi [An examination of classroom teachers' perceptions regarding equitable assessment and evaluation]. International Academic Social Resources Journal, 7(44), 1641-1653. https://doi.org/10.29228/ASRJOURNAL.66477 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  33. HBÖGM. (2022). Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Hayat Boyu Öğrenme Genel Müdürlüğü Göç ve Acil Durumlarda Eğitim Daire Başkanlığı [Ministry of National Education, Directorate General for Lifelong Learning, Department of Education in Migration and Emergency Situations]. https://hbogm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2022_01/26165737_goc2022sunu.pdf [Google Scholar]
  34. IOM. (2013). Uluslararası Göç Hukuku Göç Terimleri Sözlüğü [International Migration Law Migration Terminology Dictionary]. https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/iml31_turkish_2ndedition.pdf [Google Scholar]
  35. Kalaycı, İ. (2017). Türkiye'de ulus devlet oluşturma çabaları: Göç, göçmen ve iskân politikaları [Nation-state building efforts in Turkey: Migration, immigrant, and settlement policies] (1923-1950). In O. Köse (Ed.), Geçmişten çürük göç [Rotten migration from the past] (pp. 1429-1442). Samsun: Canik Belediyesi Kültür Publ. [Google Scholar]
  36. Kandemir, A., & Aydın, B. (2020). Yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin eğitimi ile ilgili yönetici ve öğretmen görüşleri [Administrators' and teachers' perspectives on the education of foreign national students]. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [Journal of Uludağ University Faculty of Education], 33(2), 497-521. https://doi.org/10.19171/uefad.554653 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  37. Karabenick, S. A., & Noda, P. A. C. (2004). Professional development implications of teachers’ beliefs and attitudes toward English language learners. Bilingual Research Journal, 28, 55-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/15235882.2004.10162612 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  38. Koçak, Y. & Terzi, E. (2012). Türkiye’de göç olgusu, göç edenlerin kentlere olan etkileri ve çözüm önerileri [The phenomenon of migration in Turkey, the impact of migrants on cities, and proposed solutions]. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi [Journal of Kafkas University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences], 3(3), 163-184. https://arastirmax.com/en/system/files/dergiler/25823/makaleler/3/3/arastirmax-turkiyede-goc-olgusu-goc-edenlerin-kentlere-olan-etkileri-cozum-onerileri.pdf [Google Scholar]
  39. Lahey, B. B. (1978). Psychology and instruction: A practical approach to educational psychology. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman. [Google Scholar]
  40. Lee, G. (2011). Understanding the process of educational assimilation for refugee and non-refugee immigrant students: A pilot study of a community college (Unpublished master’s thesis). Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. [Google Scholar]
  41. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. [Google Scholar]
  42. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2018). Hizmetiçi eğitim planları [In-service training plans of the Ministry of National Education]. http://oygm.meb.gov.tr/www/icerik_goruntule.php?KNO=28 [Google Scholar]
  43. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2019). Yabancı öğrenciler uyum sınıfları hakkında genelge [Circular regarding adaptation classes for foreign students]. https://mevzuat.meb.gov.tr/dosyalar/2022.pdf [Google Scholar]
  44. Moghaddam, F. M., & Solliday, E. A. (1991). "Balanced multiculturalism" and the challenge of peaceful coexistence in pluralistic societies. Psychology and Developing Societies, 3(1), 51-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/097133369100300104 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  45. Mutluer, M. (2003). Uluslararası göçler ve Türkiye [International migrations and Turkey]. İstanbul: Çantay Publishing House. [Google Scholar]
  46. Orhan, F., & Akpınar E. (2018, Ekim). Türkiye’de mevsimlik göçlere bir örnek: Gezici tarım işçiliği [A case of seasonal migration in Turkey: Migrant agricultural labor]. TÜCAUM 30. Yıl Uluslararası Coğrafya Sempozyumu [TÜCAUM 30th Anniversary International Geography Symposium], Ankara. [Google Scholar]
  47. Özer, İ. (2004). Kentleşme, kentlileşme ve kentsel değişme [Urbanization, becoming urban and urban change]. Bursa: Ekin Publishing House. [Google Scholar]
  48. Özgan, H., & Tekin, A. (2014). Öğrencilerin hazırbulunuşluk düzeylerinin sınıf yönetimine etkisine yönelik öğretmen görüşleri [Teachers' views on the impact of students' readiness levels on classroom management]. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi [Journal of the Institute of Social Sciences, Mustafa Kemal University], 8(15), 421-434. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mkusbed/issue/19555/208682 [Google Scholar]
  49. Özkan, R. (2019). Göç olgusu ve toplumsal yapıya etkisi [The phenomenon of migration and its impact on social structure]. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi [Journal of the Institute of Social Sciences Erciyes University], 33(47), 127-145. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/erusosbilder/issue/51336/655276 [Google Scholar]
  50. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. [Google Scholar]
  51. Rose, P., Beeby, J., & Parker, D. (1995). Academic rigour in the lived experience of researchers using phenomenological methods in nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21(6), 1123-1129. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1995.21061123.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  52. Rousseau, C., Drapeau, A., Lacroix, L., Bagilishya, D., & Heusch, N. (2005). Evaluation of a classroom program of creative expression workshops for refugee and immigrant children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(2), 180-185. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00344.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  53. Sağlam, S. (2006). Türkiye'de iç göç olgusu ve kentleşme [The phenomenon of internal migration and urbanization in Turkey]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları [Hacettepe University Journal of Turkic Studies] (HÜTAD), (5), 33-44. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/328301 [Google Scholar]
  54. Samancı, O., & Uçan, Z. (2017). Çocuklarda sosyal beceri eğitimi [Social skills training for children]. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi [Journal of the Institute of Social Sciences, Atatürk University], 21(1), 281-288. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ataunisosbil/issue/35347/425790 [Google Scholar]
  55. Sarıkaya, H. S. (2014). Belçika Flaman bölgesi eğitim sisteminde Türk kökenli çocukların yaşadığı temel eğitim sorunların incelenmesi [An examination of the primary education problems experienced by children of turkish origin in the education system of the Flemish Region of Belgium]. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi [Journal of Academic Social Research], 8, 246-260. https://doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.426 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  56. Silverman, D. (2016). Qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. [Google Scholar]
  57. Sinclair, M. (2001). Education in emergencies. In D. Cipollone, C. Talbot, & J. Crisp (Eds.), Learning for a future: Refugee education in developing countries (pp. 1–83). Geneva: UNHCR. [Google Scholar]
  58. Şeker, B. D., & Aslan, Z. (2015). Refugee children in the educational process: An social psychological assessment. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 8(1), 86-105. https://doi.org/10.5578/keg.8234 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  59. Şimşek, B. (2020). Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen öğrencilerin Türkçedeki görevli dil ögelerini kullanma durumlarının incelenmesi [An investigation of the use of function words in turkish by students learning turkish as a foreign language] (Unpublished master's thesis). Atatürk University, Erzurum. [Google Scholar]
  60. Takır, A., & Özerem, A. (2019). Göçle Gelen yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin okul ortamında karşılaştıkları sorunlar [problems encountered by foreign national students arriving through migration in the school environment]. Folklor ve Edebiyat [Folklore and Literature], 25(97), 639-657. https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.972 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  61. Tamer, M. (2020). Göç, göçün nedenleri ve uluslararası göç üzerine kavramsal bir Analiz [A conceptual analysis of migration its causes, and international migration]. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, 7(60), 2808-2818. https://doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.2070 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  62. Tanrıkulu, F. (2018). Suriye krizi sonrası Türkiye’deki sığınmacıların ve göçmenlerin eğitimi: Geçmiş, bugün ve gelecek perspektifleri [Education of refugees and migrants in turkey after the syrian crisis: past, present, and future perspectives]. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi [Hitit University Journal of Social Sciences Institute], 11(3), 2585-2604. https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsosbil.450208 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  63. Tavşancıl, E., & Aslan, E. A. (2001). Sözel, yazılı ve diğer materyaller için içerik analizi ve uygulama örnekleri [Content analysis for verbal, written, and other materials and application examples]. İstanbul: Epsilon. [Google Scholar]
  64. Taylor, T., & Toohey, K. (1998). Negotiating cultural diversity for women in sport: From assimilation to multiculturalism. Race Ethnicity and Education, 1(1), 75-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/1361332980010106 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  65. Temur, M., & Özalp, M.T. (2022). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin penceresinden göçmen öğrencilerin sorunları ve çözüm önerileri [Problems faced by migrant students and proposed solutions from the perspective of classroom teachers]. Maarif Mektepleri Uluslararası Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi [Maarif Schools International Journal of Educational Sciences], 6(2), 110-141. https://doi.org/10.46762/mamulebd.1210547 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  66. T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı Göç İdaresi Başkanlığı. (2025). Yıllara göre geçici koruma kapsamındaki Suriyeliler [Syrians under Temporary Protection by Year]. Retrieved from https://www.goc.gov.tr/gecici-koruma5638 [Google Scholar]
  67. Toprakçı, E. (2017). Sınıf yönetimi [Classroom management]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. [Google Scholar]
  68. UNHCR. (2022). Global Focus-Türkiye. Retrieved from https://reporting.unhcr.org/ [Google Scholar]
  69. Ünlü, A., & Yıldız, O. (2024). Türkiye’de göç eden yabancılara uygulanan sosyal uyum ve yaşam eğitimi programının eğitici görüşlerine göre değerlendirilmesi: Kütahya ili örneği [An evaluation of the social cohesion and life skills education program implemented for migrants in Turkey based on the opinions of educators: The case of Kütahya Province]. Ortadoğu ve Göç [Middle East and Migration], 14(1), 124-180. https://doi.org/10.31834/ortadoguvegoc.1385949 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  70. Yalçın, C. (2004). Göç sosyolojisi [Sociology of migration]. Ankara: Anı Publ. [Google Scholar]
  71. Yapıcı, M., & Yapıcı, Ş. (2003). İlköğretim öğretmenlerinin karşılaştığı sorunlar [Problems encountered by primary school teachers]. Bilim, Eğitim ve Düşünce Dergisi [Journal of Science, Education and Thought], 3(3), 1-9. [Google Scholar]
  72. Yava, A., & Sütçü Çiçek, H. (2016). Hemşirelik eğitiminde yeni bir yaklaşım: Akran koçluğu [A new approach in nursing education: Peer coaching]. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing, 3(1), 65-71. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/225599 [Google Scholar]
  73. Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Qualitative research methods in social sciences]. Ankara: Seçkin Publ. [Google Scholar]
  74. Yurdakul, A., & Tok, T.N. (2018). Öğretmen gözüyle göçmen/mülteci öğrenci [Öğretmen gözüyle göçmen/mülteci öğrenci]. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi [Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Education Journal of Educational Sciences], 9(2), 46-58. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/614695 [Google Scholar]
  75. Zhao, C. M. (2002). Intercultural competence: A quantitative study of significance of intercultural competence and the influence of college experiences on students’ intercultural competence development (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA. [Google Scholar]